| alias | Display or create a command alias |
| ar | Create or maintain library archives |
| awk | Process programs written in the awk language |
| basename | Return the nondirectory components of a pathname |
| bc | Use the arbitrary-precision arithmetic calculation language |
| bg | Move a job to the background |
| break | Exit from a for, while, or until loop in a shell script |
| c89 | Compile C/VM source code and create an executable file |
| cxx | Compile C++/VM and C/VM and create an executable file |
| cat | Concatenate or display text files |
| cd | Change the working directory |
| chgrp | Change the group owner of a file or directory |
| chmod | Change the mode of a group or directory |
| chown | Change the owner or group of a file or directory |
| cksum | Calculate and write checksums and byte counts |
| cmp | Compare two files |
| cms | Run a CP/CMS command from the shell |
| colon or : | Do nothing, successfully |
| comm | Show and select or reject lines common to two files |
| command | Run a simple command |
| | compress | Lempel-Ziv file compression |
| continue | Skip to the next iteration of a loop in a shell script |
| cp | Copy a file |
| cpio | Copy in/out file archives |
| cut | Cut out selected fields of each line of a file |
| date | Display the date and time |
| dd | Convert and copy a file |
| diff | Compare two text files and show the differences |
| dirname | Return the directory components of a pathname |
| dot or . | Run a shell file in the current environment |
| echo | Write arguments to standard output |
| ed | Use the ed line-oriented text editor |
| env | Display environments, or set an environment for a process |
| eval | Construct a command by concatenating arguments |
| exec | Run a command and open, close, or copy the file descriptors |
| exit | Return to the parent process from which the shell was called |
| export | Set the export attributes for variables, or show currently exported |
| expr | Evaluate arguments as an expression |
| false | Return a nonzero exit code |
| fc | Process a command history list |
| fg | Bring a job into the foreground |
| find | Find a file meeting specified criteria |
| fold | Break lines into shorter lines |
| getconf | Get configuration values |
| getopts | Parse utility options |
| grep | Search a file for a specified pattern |
| head | Display the first part of a file |
| history | Process a command history list |
| iconv | Convert characters from one code set to another |
| id | Return the user identity |
| jobs | Return the status of jobs in the current session |
| join | Join two sorted, textual relational databases |
| kill | End a process or job, or send it a signal |
| let | Evaluate an arithmetic expression |
| lex | Generate a program for lexical tasks |
| ln | Create a link to a file |
| locale | Get locale-specific information |
| logger | Log messages |
| logname | Return a user's login name |
| lp | Send a file to a printer |
| ls | List file and directory names and attributes |
| mail | Read and send mail messages |
| make | Maintain program-generated and interdependent files |
| mkdir | Make a directory |
| mkfifo | Make a FIFO special file |
| mknod | Make a FIFO or character special file |
| mv | Rename or move a file or directory |
| newgrp | Change to a new group |
| nohup | Start a process that is immune to hangups |
| od | Dump a file in a specified format |
| paste | Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of a file |
| pathchk | Check a pathname |
| pax | Interchange portable archives |
| pr | Format a file in paginated form and send it to standard output |
| print | Return arguments from the shell |
| printf | Write formatted output |
| ps | Return the status of a process |
| pwd | Return the working directory name |
| r | Process a command history list |
| read | Read a line from standard input |
| readonly | Mark a variable as read-only |
| return | Return from a shell function or . (dot) script |
| rm | Remove a directory entry |
| rmdir | Remove a directory |
| sed | Start the sed noninteractive stream editor |
| set | Set or unset command options and positional parameters |
| sh | Invoke a shell (command interpreter) |
| shift | Shift positional parameters |
| sleep | Suspend execution of a process for an interval of time |
| sort | Start the sort-merge utility |
| strip | Remove unnecessary information from an executable file |
| stty | Set or display terminal options |
| su | Change the user ID connected with a session |
| tail | Display the last part of a file |
| tar | Manipulate the tar archive files to copy or back up a file |
| tee | Duplicate the output stream |
| test | Test for a condition |
| time | Display processor and elapsed times for a command |
| times | Get process and child process times |
| touch | Change the file access and modification times |
| tr | Translate characters |
| trap | Intercept abnormal conditions and interrupts |
| true | Return a value of 0 |
| tty | Return the user's terminal name |
| type | Tell how the shell interprets a name |
| typeset | Assign attributes and values to variables |
| umask | Set or return the file mode creation mask |
| unalias | Remove alias definitions |
| uname | Display the name of the current operating system |
| | uncompress | Undo Lempel-Zev compression of a file |
| uniq | Report or filter out repeated lines in a file |
| unset | Unset values and attributes of variables and functions |
| wait | Wait for a child process to end |
| wc | Count newlines, words, and bytes |
| whence | Tell how the shell interprets a command name |
| xargs | Construct an argument list and run a command |
| yacc | Use the yacc compiler |
