Migration Considerations and
Release-to-Release Changes
The information herein describes changes to various aspects of TCP/IP
for z/VM that warrant consideration when migrating from previous
levels to the most current, supported level.
For information about changes that have been implemented in
levels of TCP/IP for z/VM that are not listed here, check the
Migration Considerations for
End-of-Service Levels
information.
Note that in a some cases, existing functions may have been deleted or
replaced by alternate functions. High-level descriptions of these
kinds of changes, as well as the level at which a change was introduced,
are indicated in the text that follows.
Client Topics:
Server Topics:
Other Topics:
Notes:
-
TCP/IP and related features are supported on associated releases of CP
and CMS only.
-
(
)
Select the TCP/IP
Stack server link to review information about changes
introduced that establish changes to the following defaults:
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
-
The RPCINFO function has been updated to use the
ETC HOSTS file as the local site table when host names are
resolved. If the ETC HOSTS file is not present, RPCINFO continues to
use the HOSTS SITEINFO file.
-
Processing of the CERTNOCHECK operand for TLS connections
associated with the FTP and Telnet clients (and, the SMTP server) has
been changed such that this operand is equivalent to the
CERTFULLCHECK operand.
-
The TCPSLVL utility has been modified such that results now
are directed to a file (named partname SLVLDATA) by default.
To direct command output to the console, a new CONSOLE
option must be used. For more information, see Appendix A of the
TCP/IP for z/VM Level 540 Program Directory
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
-
The level of authorization to use the TRACERTE command has changed.
OBEY authority is no longer required to use this command.
-
The Telnet and FTP clients have been updated to accommodate Dynamic
SSL/TLS support. Changes to provide this capability include support
for additional command options, which include:
- CERTFULLCHECK
- CERTNOCHECK
- NOSECURE
- SECURE
-
A new statement, SECURETELNETCLIENT, may now be specified in
the TCPIP DATA file. This statement provides the default Telnet client
security value to use when neither the SECURE nor NOSECURE option is
specified on the Telnet command.
-
Due to changes in CMS resolver code, there is a requirement that some
TCP/IP modules such as FTP be at the 5.3.0 level when the CMS IPLed is
5.3.0. For this same reason, customer-built modules that include
COMMTXT in the GLOBAL TXTLIB command (in order to use routines such as
SayIntAd) must be re-built using the z/VM 5.3.0 level of
COMMTXT. In addition, some TCP/IP modules require Language
Environment (LE) to include APAR VM64055.
Note that the following message will appear if either a TCP/IP routine or
LE is back-level:
DMSZER2571E A resolver request failed due to missing LE support or
incorrect TCP/IP module levels.
To work around this problem, upgrade TCP/IP and LE and re-build programs
that use COMMTXT or IPL an earlier level of CMS.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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Support is added for changing an FTP control connection from a secure
state to a clear state through use of the Clear Control Connection
(CCC) subcommand.
-
Processing of the CERTNOCHECK operand for TLS connections
associated with the FTP client has been changed such that this operand
is equivalent to the CERTFULLCHECK operand.
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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The mechanism for defining User IDs that are to be authorized to use
the IMAPADM EXEC has changed. Instead of directly creating
a $SERVER$ NAMES private resource registration file, authorized User IDs
are now listed via the DTCPARMS file tag
:Admin_ID_List.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server
(LDAPSRV) has been updated to a function level equivalent
to the z/OS level 1.10 Tivoli Directory Server.
- Server plug-in support has been added, to allow the functionality
of the directory server to be extended.
- Support for RACF change logging and password/phrase enveloping is
introduced.
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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NETSTAT GATE command output has been updated to include two new
flags — one indicates if the MTU was modified by path MTU
discovery for a given route; the other indicates whether a route was
created as a result of path MTU discovery.
-
NETSTAT DEVLINKS command output for an OSD device has
been updated to include the OSA-Express port number, the
designated transport type (ETHERNET or IP, for
Layer 2 or Layer 3 mode, respectively), and local MAC address
(for transport type ETHERNET only).
-
(IPv4 only) NETSTAT DEVLINKS command output has
been updated for all non-VIPA devices to display path MTU discovery
status.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
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The MPRoute server implementation of TCP/IP for z/VM has been adapted
from z/OS V1.8.
-
A combination of an ip_address and a subnet_mask that
describes either a subnet address or a broadcast address, is no longer
accepted for the OSPF_INTERFACE, RIP_INTERFACE or
INTERFACE configuration statements. This change is a result of
TCP/IP server enforcement of RFC rules that restrict a subnetwork
broadcast or network address from being used as a host address.
By convention, an address that has all ones in the host
portion is a subnet broadcast address, whereas an address
that has all zeros in the host portion is a subnet
network address. Therefore, an attempt to use an
ip_address and subnet_mask combination that specifies
one of these special addresses will likely lead to difficulty in
communicating with other hosts on the network.
-
The maximum mtu value that may be specified for the
OSPF_INTERFACE, RIP_INTERFACE or INTERFACE
configuration statements is now the minimum of:
-
the device buffer capacity (as reported by a HiperSockets or QDIO
device; for other devices, the value is based on the device architecture)
-
the buffer_size value associated with the
LARGEENVELOPEPOOLSIZE statement in the TCP/IP server
configuration file.
-
Note:
The RouteD server has been withdrawn from TCP/IP level 530. The
server user ID, command program, configuration statements and files
associated with this server have likewise been removed from the z/VM
Version 5 Release 3.0 System Deliverable.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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| | Remote Execution Services |
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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The logon password default for the RXAGENT1 virtual machine
has been changed to AUTOONLY, to reinforce the concept that
REXEC agents should be used for handling only anonymous requests.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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Processing of the CERTNOCHECK operand for TLS connections
associated with SMTP server has been changed such that this operand is
equivalent to the CERTFULLCHECK operand.
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
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The SMTP server has been updated to accommodate Dynamic SSL/TLS support.
Changes to provide this capability include support for additional
server configuration statements, which include:
-
The SMTP server has been enhanced to honor the DOMAINLOOKUP
statement in the TCPIP DATA file. In addition, the SMTP server now
uses the ETC HOSTS file for the local site table, if present. If the
ETC HOSTS file is not present, SMTP uses the HOSTS SITEINFO file.
-
An SMTP NAMES file restriction against using a nickname that is the
same as a user ID in the list defined by that nickname is removed.
With this level, you can specify a nickname that matches a user ID
in that nickname list.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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An SNMPTRAP command is introduced that can be used to
generate SNMP version 1 enterprise-specific traps for reporting
events to an SNMP manager.
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
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An SNMP Subagent server is introduced which can be customized to
supply a specific set of MIB variables (such as BRIDGE-MIB variables
that are associated with a virtual switch). With this server, support
for the use of various SNMP MIB exit routines, identified within a
MIB_EXIT DATA file is added as well.
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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With the PTF for APAR
PK65850, a CMS-based SSL server is
provided with TCP/IP for z/VM that no longer requires operation within a
Linux guest. The components required for running this updated server
implementation are installed and serviced through the same means as
other CMS-based TCP/IP servers.
With this implementation, the SSL server and TCP/IP stack server
interfaces have been modified, as have SSL server command
(VMSSL) and DTCPARMS file configuration operands and
requirements.
Due to the nature of these changes, an SSL server implementation
that is based on prior levels of TCP/IP for z/VM cannot be used with the
TCP/IP level 540 TCP/IP server. The converse is also true — the
TCP/IP level 540 SSL server cannot be used with prior levels of
TCP/IP for z/VM.
TCP/IP Level 540 SSL and TCP/IP server compatibility is summarized here:
TCP/IP Level 540 SSL and TCP/IP Server Compatibility
| |
TCP/IP Level 540
SSL Server |
Prior-level
SSL Server |
TCP/IP Level 540
Stack Server |
Compatible |
Not Compatible |
Prior-level TCP/IP
Stack Server |
Not Compatible |
Compatible |
Additional changes associated with the level 540 SSL server include:
- Use of z/OS V1.10 System SSL technology by the SSL server for
encryption, decryption, and certificate management functions.
Significant functional changes associated with the use of this technology
include:
- Implementation of Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) 140-2 is not available with this level of
TCP/IP for z/VM.
- Relaxed certificate checking, through use of selected application
CERTNOCHECK options or operands, is not available at this
level. Thus, self-signed certificates are accepted only if they are
stored in both client- and-server-side certificate databases.
-
Addition of support for changing an FTP control connection from a
secure state to a clear state through use of the FTP CCC
subcommand.
- Several cipher suites, including suites that provide 128-bit and
256-bit AES encryption, have been added. Two ciphers —
RC4_EXP1024_56_SHA and DES_EXP1024_56_SHA have been removed. All
other previously supported cipher suites have been renamed to more
closely match specifications in RFCs 2246 and 4346.
- z/OS System SSL will use hardware-assisted encryption and decryption
through use of a processor-specific instruction, if it is available.
Cryptographic cards are not supported.
- Use of the gskkyman (previously introduced with LDAP
server support) for SSL server certificate management functions.
- The z/VM SSL server now references a certificate database that is
maintained in the z/VM Byte File System (BFS).
-
A GSKADMIN User ID has been added. This User ID has been defined
with appropriate authorization to perform certificate management
operations for the SSL server key database. The GSKADMIN User ID is also
defined as an SSL server administrative User ID.
- The SSLADMIN command has been revised such that a
network connection is no longer used to perform server administrative
functions. Thus, the server administrative port (previously defined
at port number 9999) is no longer used and has been removed from the
TCP/IP server configuration and ETC SERVICES sample files.
-
OBEY authorization is no longer used to determine SSL server
administrative authority. Such authorization is now controlled by the
DTCPARMS file :Admin_ID_List. tag entry.
-
Additional or different DTCPARMS file configuration tags and SSL
server command (VMSSL) parameters now are used for
configuration of the SSL server. Detailed information about such
changes are provided in
TCP/IP Planning and Customization (SC24-6125).
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
-
The SSL sever has been modified to accommodate "Dynamic SSL/TLS
Support," which introduces a set of Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs) that permit a Pascal or Assembler client or server
application to control the acceptance and establishment of TCP/IP
sessions encrypted using SSL/TLS.
To provide this capability, the interface used by the SSL server to
communicate with the TCP/IP stack server has been modified. Due to the
nature of these changes, one of the SSL-related RPM packages supplied
with TCP/IP level 530 must be used for SSL server setup and
configuration. Note also that the TCP/IP level 530 SSL server
cannot be used with prior levels of TCP/IP for z/VM.
TCP/IP Level 530 SSL and TCP/IP server compatibility is summarized here:
TCP/IP Level 530 SSL and TCP/IP Server Compatibility
| |
TCP/IP Level 530
SSL Server |
Prior-level
SSL Server |
TCP/IP Level 530
Stack Server |
Compatible |
Not Compatible |
Prior-level TCP/IP
Stack Server |
Not Compatible |
Compatible |
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The SSL server command (VMSSL) has been updated to allow
additional security levels to be specified for the EXEMPT
operand, to more easily eliminate weak ciphers. Support for a
NOHALT operand has also been added, which allows the SSL
server Linux guest to remain active after a critical error is
encountered during server operations.
-
The SSL server administration command (SSLADMIN) has been
modified as follows:
-
The SSLADMIN SELF command has been updated to support an
EXPIRATION operand, which may be used to specify number of days
that a self-signed certificate is to be valid.
-
The SSLADMIN LOG command has been updated to accept file ID
operands that allow SSL server log information to be maintained in a
file named other than SSLADMIN LOG.
-
the SSLADMIN LOGSIZE and SSLADMIN LOGCLEAR commands are
introduced. These respective commands allow a maximum size to be
established for the SSL server log, and for accumulated log information
to be purged within the SSL server.
-
The RPM packages provided with this level of TCP/IP for z/VM support running
the SSL server using these Linux distributions:
- SUSE SLES9 Service Pack 3 (31-bit)
- SUSE SLES9 Service Pack 3 (64-bit)
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (Version 4 U4) (31-bit)
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (Version 4 U4) (64-bit)
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
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The TCP/IP server has been updated such that the OVERRIDEPRECEDENCE
operand of the AssortedParms configuration statement is always
in effect. This change has been made in support of RFC 2873. The
OVERRIDEPRECEDENCE operand continues to be accepted to maintain
compatibility with prior levels of TCP/IP for z/VM, but will be reported as an
obsolete parameter when encountered.
-
The TCP/IP server has been updated such that the EQUALCOSTMULTIPATH
and EQUALCOSTIPV6MULTIPATH operands of the AssortedParms
configuration statement are always in effect. These operands continue to
be accepted to maintain compatibility with prior levels of TCP/IP for z/VM, but
will be reported as no longer required, when encountered.
-
The OSD and the HIPERSockets DEVICE statements have
been updated to make AUTORestart the default. Thus, the TCP/IP
server automatically will attempt to restart the device in the event of a
device failure. AUTORestart is attempted only after successful data
transfer has occurred.
-
The OSD DEVICE statement has been updated to include a
PORTNUMBER operand for which the additional port on each
channel of an OSA-Express3 device can be specified. If a port number
is not specified, the default is port number 0.
-
The IFCONFIG command has been updated to allow a port number to
specified for a QDIO (OSA-Express) device. Additionally, IFCONFIG
command output now reports the transport type (ETHERNET or
IP) for links that are associated with an OSD
device.
-
(IPv4 only) The IFCONFIG command has been updated to
accept two new operands — PATHMTU and NOPATHMTU
— to enable or disable path MTU discovery for a given link.
-
(IPv4 only) Various LINK statements have been updated to
include two new operands — PATHMTU and NOPATHMTU
— that respectively enable or disable path MTU discovery on a
link-by-link basis.
-
(IPv4 only) The PATHMTU operand is accepted for the
ASSORTEDPARMS statement, to enable path MTU discovery by
default for links for which this has not explicitly been configured.
-
Support for The PATHMTUAGE statement has been added, which
allows for the specification of how long (in minutes) path MTU
discovery information is to be retained for a given route.
-
The QDIOETHERNET LINK statement has been updated to accept an
ETHERNET or IP operand, which designates the transport
type for the link (Layer 2 or Layer 3 mode, respectively).
-
Due to SSLADMIN command revisions that eliminate the need
for a network connection to perform SSL server administrative
functions, an administrative port (previously defined at port number
9999, by default) no longer needs to be reserved for the SSL server.
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
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Several enhancements have been added to help maintain high
availability in the event of an ethernet QDIO (IPv4 or IPv6) or LCS
(IPv4 only) device failure. These enhancements include:
- IPv4 ARP Takeover Support
This support provides redundant ethernet (LCS or QDIO) adapters (two
or more adapters connected to the same LAN segment) the ability to
take over for each other in the event of a device failure.
Provided all TCP/IP stack interfaces are properly configured, no
TCP/IP configuration changes should be necessary for this function to
be exploited. The TCP/IP stack uses the configured IP address/subnet
mask pairs for each interface to make a determination about which
interfaces are connected to the same LAN segment and are therefore
eligible to take over for each other.
- IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Takeover Support
This support provides redundant QDIO ethernet adapters (two or more
adapters connected to the same LAN segment) the ability to take over
for each other in the event of a device failure.
Configuration changes should not be necessary for this function to be
used, since the TCP/IP stack perform "same LAN determination"
for IPv6 interfaces at initialization, to identify which adapters are
connected to the same LAN segment and are therefore eligible to take
over for each other.
- Enhanced OSA Address Table (OAT) Management
With this enhancement, the IP addresses reported to an OSA adapter are
restricted to:
- those that are defined as adapters HOME addresses
- IPv4 VIPA addresses (if the device is enabled for IPv4)
- IPv4 Proxy ARP addresses (if the device is enabled for IPv4)
- IPv6 VIPA addresses (if the device is enabled for IPv6)
- any IP addresses for which the device has taken over
-
IPv6 VIPA Support has been added, which gives hosts the ability
to use the VIPA address as a target for IP traffic, allowing such
traffic to be routed to a working adapter on the TCP/IP stack, should
one of several applicable adapters fail. Configuration statement
changes associated with this support include the following additions:
- IPV6SOURCEVIPA operand (added for the
ASSORTEDPARMS statement)
- ENABLEIPV6 option (added for the LINK statement)
-
TCP/IP has been updated to allow both an IPv4 and IPv6 VLAN to be
associated with a QDIOETHERNET link. Changes include:
- acceptance of an IPv6 VLAN ID (in addition to an IPv4 VLAN ID) for
the QDIOETHERNET LINK statement
- IFCONFIG command changes that allow both an IPv4 VLAN ID
and an IPv6 VLAN ID to be specified as part of the VLAN
interface operand
-
The HOME statement now accepts a VSWITCH operand, which
identifies the link that is associated with an IPv4 address as one
that can be used for VSWITCH management purposes, such as retrieval of
SNMP Bridge MIBs for the virtual switch. The named VSWITCH is also
returned in NETSTAT HOME command results.
-
Be aware that with z/VM 5.3.0, it is no longer necessary to
uncouple/recouple to a Guest LAN or VSWITCH for VLAN or promiscuous
mode authorization changes to take effect. Thus, such changes now can
immediately affect the operation of a TCP/IP stack server that is
connected to a VSWITCH or Guest LAN.
-
Support for a -Remove command option has been added to the
IFCONFIG command, which allows an interface to be dynamically
removed from the TCP/IP server configuration. This support makes use
of a new socket API IOCTL subcommand (SIOCDINTERFACE)
introduced at this level.
-
Support for the BSDROUTINGPARMS statement has been
withdrawn.
-
The TCP/IP sever has been modified to accommodate "Dynamic SSL/TLS
Support," which introduces a set of Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs) that permit a Pascal or Assembler client or server
application to control the acceptance and establishment of TCP/IP
sessions encrypted using SSL/TLS. New configuration statements
introduced in conjunction with this capability are:
Note that to provide this capability, the interface used by the TCP/IP
server to communicate with the SSL server has been modified. Due to
the nature of these changes, an SSL server implementation that is
based on prior levels of TCP/IP for z/VM cannot be used with the TCP/IP
level 530 TCP/IP server.
-
The INTERNALCLIENTPARMS statement, used for configuring the
Telnet server, has been updated to accommodate Dynamic SSL/TLS support.
Changes include support for SECURECONNECTION and
TLSLABEL operands.
Changes to TCP/IP Server Defaults
-
Port Restriction Defaults Have Changed - Action Required
With TCP/IP Level 440, the RestrictLowPorts operand of the
AssortedParms statement was changed to be active by
default.
Because of this change, various TCP/IP applications
may no longer function unless you take action.
Refer to the
TCP/IP Usage Reference Information
for more detail about this change.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
-
The INTERNALCLIENTPARMS statement, used for configuring the
Telnet server, has been updated to accommodate Dynamic SSL/TLS support.
Changes include support for SECURECONNECTION and
TLSLABEL operands.
-
The Telnet client has been updated to accommodate Dynamic SSL/TLS
support. Changes to provide this capability include support for
additional command options, which include:
- CERTFULLCHECK
- CERTNOCHECK
- NOSECURE
- SECURE
-
A new statement, SECURETELNETCLIENT, may now be specified in
the TCPIP DATA file. This statement provides the default Telnet client
security value to use when neither the SECURE nor NOSECURE option is
specified on the Telnet command.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 540
General Information
Packaging-specific Changes
-
The default minimum virtual storage size defined for the TCPIP
(stack) server virtual machines has been increased to 128M, to
better accommodate a wide variety of workloads without the need to
redefine storage allocated for this server.
-
The directory entries for the MPROUTE and the
SSLSERV virtual machines now include a SHARE RELATIVE
3000 statement, to allow these servers to better handle activity
that is closely associated with TCP/IP server processing.
-
With the PTF for APAR
PK65850, a CMS-based SSL server is
provided with TCP/IP for z/VM that no longer requires operation within a
Linux guest. The components required for running this updated server
implementation are installed and serviced through the same means as
other CMS-based TCP/IP servers — installation of an updated RPM
file within a Linux guest is no longer necessary. For this reason,
the minidisks that follow have been deleted with this level of
TCP/IP for z/VM:
- 5VMTCP40 493
- SSLSERV 201
- SSLSERV 203
Note
Coincident with the change in implementation of the z/VM 540 SSL
server, the (Linux-only) vmsock module and its program source are no
longer provided with z/VM.
-
The GSKADMIN User ID has been added. This User ID has been
defined with appropriate authorization to perform certificate
management operations for the SSL server key database, now maintained
within the z/VM Byte File System (BFS). The GSKADMIN User ID is also
defined as an SSL server administrative User ID.
For detailed information about how specific TCP/IP User IDs have been
defined, consult the 5VMTCP40 PLANINFO file. This file
is located on the 5VMTCP40 191 minidisk.
Changes Introduced in TCP/IP Level 530
General Information
Packaging-specific Changes
-
TCP/IP service procedures now require the TCP/IP for z/VM installation
and service user ID (5VMTCP30, by default) to have file pool
administration authority for the VMSYS file pool. Such
authorization is necessary to accommodate service update processing
for LDAP server components that reside in the z/VM Byte File System
(BFS).
For the z/VM Version 5 Release 3.0 System Deliverable, the 5VMTCP30
user ID has already been enrolled as a file pool administrator for the
VMSYS file pool. If you choose to use a different user ID to
service TCP/IP for z/VM, or elect to use a file pool other than VMSYS
for maintaining the Byte File System, you then will need to enroll the
appropriate user ID as an administrator for the applicable file pool.
-
Support for the BOOTPD and RouteD servers has been withdrawn. The server
user IDs, command programs, configuration statements and files associated
with these servers have likewise been removed from the
z/VM Version 5 Release 3.0 System Deliverable.
If appropriate, the DHCPD and MPRoute servers should be configured
to provide any support and functionality for your installation that
was previously provided by the respective BOOTPD and RouteD servers.
-
The default minimum virtual storage size defined for most
TCP/IP server virtual machines is now 32M (however, the
default minimum for certain virtual machines, such as the IMAP, LDAP
and SSL servers, is defined higher than this value).
For detailed information about how specific TCP/IP user IDs have been
defined, consult the 5VMTCP30 PLANINFO file. This file
is located on the 5VMTCP30 191 minidisk.
Changes Introduced in Prior Levels
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